Balder Ex-Libris

Author : Fregosi Paul
Title : Jihad in the West Muslim conquests from the 7th to the 21st centuries
Year : 1998

Link download : Fregosi_Paul_-_Jihad_in_the_West.zip

Glossary of useful Arabic and Turkish terms. AL-ANDALUS. The part of Spain under Muslim rule. Its frontier fluctuated with the fortunes of war. ALMOHAD. Berber dynasty (1130-1269) which followed a policy of religious purity and was defeated in Spain in 1212. ALMORAVIDS. Berber dynasty from the Sahara which ruled over much of Morocco and Spain in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. ANSAR. Inhabitants of Medina who helped Muhammad and the early Muslims after they moved from Mecca to Medina in the year 622. BURAQ. The animal with the body of a mule and the head of a woman that carried Muhammad from Mecca to Paradise through Jerusalem on the Night Journey in the year 619. CALIPH. Successor to Muhammad as head of the Muslim (Sunni) community. The caliphate (which was based in Istanbul) was abolished by Kemal Ataturk in 1924. DAR-AL-HARB. The Land or Domain of War, where Islamic rule does not reign and which has historically been considered a legitimate target for the Jihad. DAR-AL-ISLAM. The Land or Domain of Islam, where Islamic law and rule prevail. ...